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Key differences, pros and cons, and implementations of Layer 4 and Layer 7 load balancers in backend networking.

Lecture notes on using socket sharding (SO_REUSEPORT) for multiple listeners, acceptors, and readers on one port to improve scalability.

Lecture notes on using multiple accepter threads on a single listening socket, discussing how the OS handles accept calls and the trade-offs involved.

Lecture notes on backend idempotency: how to safely retry requests without duplicating actions, with examples and implementation tips.

Examining the single listener/acceptor/reader pattern in backend systems using Node.js's single-threaded model.

Comparing three key backend threading models: basic listener-acceptor-reader separation, multiple reader threads, and advanced message load balancing with worker threads.

A personal reflection on using Java PathFinder (JPF) to automatically generate test inputs for complex data structures.

This lecture explores the lifecycle of socket data in backend applications — from connection establishment to data buffering, reading, and sending, including kernel-level details.